{"id":1669,"date":"2017-10-19T12:51:02","date_gmt":"2017-10-19T12:51:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.normagroup.com\/?p=1669\/"},"modified":"2018-04-17T12:56:32","modified_gmt":"2018-04-17T12:56:32","slug":"the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.normagroup.com\/en\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"The Longest Tunnel in the World"},"content":{"rendered":"

It\u2019s a masterpiece of engineering art. It was also a mammoth project under construction for 17 years. It demanded the greatest effort in planning, logistics and coordination. At last, it became the longest railway tunnel in the world, linking Switzerland to Italy over 57 kilometers. It passes under the Gotthard massif in the Alps, in some places up to 2,300 meters deep.<\/p>\n

The uniquely superlative Gotthard Base Tunnel was inaugurated on June 1, 2016, with an spectacular show. 1,100 guests were invited, among them leading politicians from all over Europe. The builder and operator, Swiss Federal Railways (SBB)<\/a>, celebrated the opening by holding a huge event.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\"Gotthard<\/p>\n

Operation started on schedule on December 11, 2016. By August 2017, 2.3 million passengers had traveled through the tunnel.<\/p>\n

The Gotthard Base Tunnel consists of two single-lane tubes about 40 meters apart. Every 325 meters, the tubes are connected by transverse columns. NORMACONNECT FLEX pipe couplings<\/a> connect mountain water drainage pipes in both of the tunnel tubes.<\/p>\n

High Safety and Quality Demands<\/h2>\n

Safety is imperative in tunnel construction. That was dramatically demonstrated in the Gotthard road tunnel fire of 2001<\/a> and the Mont Blanc tunnel fire of 1999<\/a>. These events led to significant increases in safety requirements for the construction of the Base Tunnel.<\/p>\n

NORMA Group developed the fire-resistant NORMACONNECT RFP<\/a> that withstand temperatures of up to 800 degrees Celsius. The connectors meet the demands of the hydrostatic pressure test, water impact test, leak test, vacuum test and torsion test \u2013 which is why they are approved for use in sprinkler systems.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t<\/p>\n

FGR FLEX<\/h2>\n

FLEX connects pipes made of metal, stainless steel, concrete and plastic. Even with gaps between the pipe ends, the coupling remains tight.<\/p>\n

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FGR GRIP<\/h2>\n

GRIP connects pipes made of metal, plastic or both. The anchoring ring engages surface with its teeth and ensures secure tensile strength.<\/p>\n

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RFP<\/h2>\n

RFP is a retrofittable flame protection housing. Its low weight and straightforward design allows quick, easy assembly without any tools.<\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>
\n\"NORMACONNECT<\/a>
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DCS RAPID<\/h2>\n

DCS RAPID features block tightening, visible torque control and single-bolt closure for quick and easy assembly.<\/p>\n

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\n<\/a><\/p>\n

Yet quality demands are significantly higher in tunnel construction than in other construction projects. Underground repairs and renovations are much more complex and expensive. This also applies for tunnel drainage.<\/p>\n

The Gotthard Base Tunnel specially deploys so-called surface drainage.<\/a> It consists of layered gravel which allows water to seep through. Below this, a filter fleece directs the water to one of its many drainage pipes. Around 2.9 million square meters of waterproof film keep mountain water from entering the tunnel.<\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t\"Gotthard<\/p>\n

The drainage pipes have a diameter of 630 millimeters and a wall thickness of 20 millimeters. Every 12 meters, NORMA Group pipe couplings connect the pipes. For a tunnel spanning about 57 kilometers, that\u2019s around 4,750 pipe couplings.<\/p>\n

The pipes were inserted into the base of the tunnel vault and completely concreted. This can lead to lifting, which could in the worst case cause static issues. The tubes, therefore, were attached to a special suspension before they were concreted.<\/p>\n

All facts about the Gotthard Base Tunnel at a glance:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\t\t\tHow long is the Gotthard Base Tunnel?<\/p>\n

The tunnel is the longest railway tunnel in the world at over 57 kilometers. It stretches up to 2,300 meters under the Alps.<\/p>\n

\t\t\tHow much did it cost?<\/p>\n

The cost of building the tunnel amounted to 11 billion Euros. Construction lasted 17 years. A total of 2,600 people were involved in construction.<\/p>\n

\t\t\tHow much rock had to be moved?<\/p>\n

28 million metric tons of rock were moved for the tunnels. The tunnel boring machines had drill heads with 9-meter diameters driven by ten engines of 350 kilowatts each.<\/p>\n

\t\t\tHow many trains run through the tunnel per day?<\/p>\n

Up to 260 freight trains and 65 passenger trains roll through the two tubes every day. Freight trains transport about 40 million metric tons through the tunnel per year. High-speed trains travel at up to 200 kilometers per hour.<\/p>\n

\t\t\tHave travel times gotten shorter?<\/p>\n

Not yet. Opening the Ceneri Base Tunnel in late 2020 will take the journey from Zurich to Milan from 4 hours and 10 minutes down to 2 hours and 40 minutes.<\/p>\n

\t\t\tHas this changed traffic?<\/p>\n

Goods transport on Alpine roads has grown by around 1,500% over the last 40 years. Freight trains through the Gotthard Base Tunnel are expected to take about 40 million metric tons from that per year.<\/p>\n

The pipe connectors are subjected to high impacts, which they must withstand reliably. Mountain water is aggressive. The minerals dissolved in it constantly eat away at materials.<\/p>\n

Water with sulfate, for example, makes concrete swell while chlorides corrode metal. Chemical reactions in the water can also sometimes cause minerals to deposit, leading to clogs. This happens often in sewage pipes when too much lime settles.<\/p>\n

Shifting Traffic from Road to Rail<\/h2>\n

The idea for the Gotthard Base Tunnel has been around since 1947. Rising traffic had been the chief reason for the construction project from the beginning.<\/a> In the 1960s and 70s, several Swiss government audits were carried out, but none led to the decision to build.<\/p>\n

In the 1980s, goods transport on Alpine roads reached record highs. The decision to build the tunnel was finally made in 1989.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

57 kilometers long and up to 2,300 meters deep below the Alps: the Gotthard Base Tunnel is one of the world\u2019s most spectacular construction projects. Mountain water flows through pipes with about 4,800 NORMA Group pipe couplings. A hard job for the connecting parts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1666,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[119,120,50],"class_list":["post-1669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-construction","tag-fgr-pipe-couplings","tag-water-management"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Longest Tunnel in the World - NORMA Group Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Gotthard Base Tunnel is one of the world\u2019s most spectacular construction projects. 4,800 NORMA Group products connect mountain water lines. 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A hard job.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.normagroup.com\/en\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NORMA Group Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/normagroup\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-10-19T12:51:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-04-17T12:56:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.normagroup.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/Gotthard-Base-Tunnel-Porta-Alpina-1-1024x461.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"461\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Markus Bulgrin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@MarkusBulgrin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@norma_group\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Markus Bulgrin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/en\\\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/en\\\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Markus Bulgrin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5d1230c8711cc5eff85f872f355e9313\"},\"headline\":\"The Longest Tunnel in the World\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-10-19T12:51:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-04-17T12:56:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/en\\\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":840,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/en\\\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/Gotthard-Base-Tunnel-Porta-Alpina-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Construction\",\"FGR Pipe Couplings\",\"Water Management\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/en\\\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/en\\\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/en\\\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Longest Tunnel in the World - NORMA Group Blog\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/en\\\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/en\\\/the-longest-tunnel-in-the-world\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/blog.normagroup.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/10\\\/Gotthard-Base-Tunnel-Porta-Alpina-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-10-19T12:51:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-04-17T12:56:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Gotthard Base Tunnel is one of the world\u2019s most spectacular construction projects. 4,800 NORMA Group products connect mountain water lines. 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